For the foregoing reasons, at the present time there are almost inevitably excessive stock holdings throughout the electronic product supply chain, so it is far from lean. Generally the inventory is held by companies who have less power and financial backing and are paradoxically in the worst position to absorb the on-costs of the excess inventory even if it is located at the low value-added end of the chain. Traditionally, no systematic thought has been given either to the question of total system stocks, or where they are best positioned. One idea is to stack it where a bottleneck resource is situated in the chain which is best identified using OPT (optimized production technology) as discussed by Goldratt and Cox[12].