in the modern era, the development of communities leads to the rising of various problems in the area of social and personal growth. these events have drawn social scientists' attention towards new ways of problem solving, by using religious, spiritual, and ethical orientations. Casanova (1994) theorizes as to the potential of religion to assist modernity in fulfilling the promise of the enlightenment by strongly advocating universal values within the public sphere. Noy (2008) has summarized these engaged spiritualities including the Catholic Liberation Theology teaching of Bishops Romeo and Ruiz