1. Introduction
Collision is an important contributory factor to ship structural damage. Ship
collision, grounding, and contacts are responsible for over half of all ship losses. For
this reason there is continuing interest in ship collision analyses despite the great
complexity of the subject, which arises from the need to be able to present mathematical
models for at least three complicated tasks.
The "rst is to derive procedures for calculation of the probability of ship collisions
in a given area. Such a mathematical model is complicated by the fact that it must
include the human element. The result of such analyses is joint probability distributions
for various collision scenarios