• Many species of birds can cause severe losses.
• At seeding, several bird species feed on grains.
• Most birds feed during the milk stage, causing partially or totally unfilled grains. The grainsappear greyish-whitish and lat.
• Diseases can occur on damaged grains and cause more severelosses.
• Varieties with awns sometimes resist bird attacks. Birds have difficulty reaching the grains.
• Bird control is difficult and not very efficient. Noise and scarecrows can reduce bird damage.