If PVC pipe is produced with a single-screw extruder, stabilizer-lubricant requirements are much increased. Here, with tin stabilization, 1.0-1.5 phr of mercaptoethyl oleate should be used, with 1.5-1.8 phr of calcium stearate as the internal lubricant and 0.4-0.6 phr of paraffin wax as the external lubricant. At these levels, some processors prefer mencaptoacetate types instead of reverse esters. With lead stabilization, phr of tribasic lead sulfate is common, with 0.3 be an phr of dibasic lead stearate.