Results:
A total of 78 eligible studies were included in the final review. These assessed 48 PPM TB
programs
worldwide, subsequently categorized into three mechanisms based on collaborative
characteristics:
support, contract, and multi-partner group. Furthermore, we assessed the effectiveness
of
PPM programs against six health system themes, including utilization of the directly observed
treatment
strategy (DOTS), case detection, treatment outcomes, case management, costs, and access and
equity,
under the different collaborative mechanisms. Analysis of the comparative studies suggested that
PPM
could improve overall outcomes of a TB service, and multiple collaborative mechanisms may
significantly
promote case detection, treatment, referral, and service accessibility, especially in resourcelimited
areas. However, the less positive outcomes of several programs indicated limited funding and
poor
governance to be the predominant reasons.