Celite is highly porous diatomaceous, bioaffinity material and
has been used for immobilization of lipase, polyphenol oxidases
and b-galactosidase, because it is an inexpensive support
having low polarity and large adhesion area (Khan et al.
2006; Liu et al. 2009; Ansari and Husain 2011). It provides
resistance against high pH or temperature, urea, detergents
and organic solvents (Khan et al. 2006). Celite acts as an
additive in sol–gel matrix for x-transaminases immobilization.
It has been preferred due to its chemical inertness and
interconnected pore structure (Koszelewski et al. 2010).
Silica
Enzymes like lignin peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase
(HRP) immobilized on activated silica have been effectively
used for the removal of chlorolignins from eucalyptus
kraft effluent (Dezott et al. 1995). a-Amylase
immobilized on silica nanoparticles improves cleaning
performance of detergents. They have been used because of
their nano-sized structures with high surface area, ordered
arrangement and high stability to chemical and mechanical
forces (Soleimani et al. 2011). Surface modifications of
silica by amination of hydroxyl and reactive siloxane
groups and addition of methyl or polyvinyl alcohol groups
strengthen enzyme and support bonds (R