The identification of the Bm86 antigen has led to commercialization
of the first anti-arthropod vaccine (TickGARDTM)
against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, which exhibits protective
effects against tick infestation [18,19]. Despite of the discovery
of Bm86 antigen in 1986 and its commercial introduction in 1994,
alternative and more effective anti-tick vaccines for R. microplus
and other ticks are not yet available. Therefore, further studies are
in progress to identify candidate antigens for the development of an
anti-tick vaccine against other economically important ticks such as
Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Ixodes spp. and Haemaphysalis
spp.