Low BM firms, based on medians, generate more operating income and cash flows
from operating activities than do high BM firms. Their earnings and cash flows are also
more volatile than those of high BM firms (as indicated by high standard deviations). This is
consistent with our expectation that low BM firms are generally stocks that experience either
extremely high or extremely low earnings; and thus, their earnings should be more volatile.
Also, the fact that their earnings are more vulnerable to manipulation may result in higher
earnings volatility. This suggests that firms with low BM group are hardly homogenous, and
any strategy that can effectively separate good low BM stocks from bad low BM stocks is
likely to be profitable.