Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Zambia and several other African countries and
impacts negatively on the livelihoods of the people (Perry & Hedger 1984; Perry & Stones 2007).
FMD is the single most important economic animal disease affecting regional trade in livestock,
wildlife and other agricultural products within the Southern African Development Community
and Common Market for East and Southern Africa. Zambia, like many other African countries,
is looking for ways to derive maximum benefit from trade in livestock and wildlife resources
through prescribed international standards such as disease-free zones and the progressive control
pathway. Many economists consider regional trade in the subregion as a vehicle for economic
growth, poverty reduction and achievement of the much desired millennium development goals.
Since the first case in 1933, several outbreaks have occurred in Zambia and areas with a high FMD
risk have been described (Chilonda et al. 1999; Mweene et al. 1996; Overby & Zyambo 1983; Perry
& Hedger 1984; Zyambo 1975). These studies were all conducted more than two decades ago.
However, the epidemiological pattern of FMD may not remain static in space and time owing
to both its highly contagious nature (Radostits, Blood & Gay 1994) and the behaviour of human
populations. The most recent study (Chilonda et al. 1999) concluded that the epidemiology of
FMD transmission in Zambia is not adequately understood. Since then several outbreaks have
occurred within Zambia and the surrounding region, with an increased frequency observed
since 2004 (Thobokwe et al. 2010; Thomson, Penrith & Fosgate 2012). The reasons for the recent
outbreaks in Zambia are not well known, but elsewhere in the region it is suspected to be as a
result of the breakdown in the once effective control measures of the 1980s and 1990s. Therefore,
the spatial aggregation of FMD cases needs to be assessed and updated to help design effective
control measures.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Zambia and several other African countries and
impacts negatively on the livelihoods of the people (Perry & Hedger 1984; Perry & Stones 2007).
FMD is the single most important economic animal disease affecting regional trade in livestock,
wildlife and other agricultural products within the Southern African Development Community
and Common Market for East and Southern Africa. Zambia, like many other African countries,
is looking for ways to derive maximum benefit from trade in livestock and wildlife resources
through prescribed international standards such as disease-free zones and the progressive control
pathway. Many economists consider regional trade in the subregion as a vehicle for economic
growth, poverty reduction and achievement of the much desired millennium development goals.
Since the first case in 1933, several outbreaks have occurred in Zambia and areas with a high FMD
risk have been described (Chilonda et al. 1999; Mweene et al. 1996; Overby & Zyambo 1983; Perry
& Hedger 1984; Zyambo 1975). These studies were all conducted more than two decades ago.
However, the epidemiological pattern of FMD may not remain static in space and time owing
to both its highly contagious nature (Radostits, Blood & Gay 1994) and the behaviour of human
populations. The most recent study (Chilonda et al. 1999) concluded that the epidemiology of
FMD transmission in Zambia is not adequately understood. Since then several outbreaks have
occurred within Zambia and the surrounding region, with an increased frequency observed
since 2004 (Thobokwe et al. 2010; Thomson, Penrith & Fosgate 2012). The reasons for the recent
outbreaks in Zambia are not well known, but elsewhere in the region it is suspected to be as a
result of the breakdown in the once effective control measures of the 1980s and 1990s. Therefore,
the spatial aggregation of FMD cases needs to be assessed and updated to help design effective
control measures.
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