Un-extracted and extracted dyes of mangosteen shell were investigated.
Moreover higher pH up to 5 favoring higher metal ion removal. Kinetic and isotherm experiments were
carried out at the optimal pH: at pH 5.0 for lead and zinc, and at pH 4.0 for cobalt. The metal removal
rates were rapid, with 90% of the total adsorption taking place within 60 min. Mangosteen shell showed
the highest potential for the removal of toxic metals in aqueous solution.