[0087] Autoimmune diseases, ที่รวมถึง diabetes mellitus, are widespread, chronic diseases that have no cure. The incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is increasing
exponentially. For example, diabetes mellitus is among the most common metabolic disorders in developed and developing countries. Further, immunosuppressive agents used to treat
autoimmune diseases have unwanted side effects and may diminish the immune system's
ability to fight off infection.
[0088] Diabetes mellitus is associated with hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and
hyperlipidemia. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is associated with increase and premature
mortality due to an increased risk for microvascular and macrovascular diseases, ที่รวมถึง
nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, hypertension, stroke, and heart disease.