Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization Another feature associated in the economics literature with low incomes and growth is ethnolinguistic fractionalization, with some social scientists also pointing out the potential dangers of religious fractionalization. In fact, both countries are fairly highly fractionalized, but CIV more so. Both countries have an Akan majority (45% in Ghana and 42% in CIV) and many smaller groups. In Ghana, the population is 69% Christian and 16% Muslim, but in CIV, adherents are much more evenly divided, with 39% Muslim and 33% Christian. Although scholars debate the proper way to measure fractionalization, seven main measures are used, with CIV higher on six, in some cases substantially higher.† CIV was torn by civil war in 2002 that has split the country, and the opportunistic use of fractionalization by political figures is an important factor.