Further evaluation of the relationship between the Kouzes and Posner (1995)
leadership model and organizational outcomes was conducted in a later study, comparing
the findings from two different study settings of hospital managers and employees in
Seattle and Los Angeles (McNeese-Smith, 1995). The hospital managers' use of Kouzes
and Posner's (1995) leadership practices were significantly and positively related to the
job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment of employees. Although
the settings were different and data collection occurred at separate times, the findings
were consistent, suggesting managers' use of Kouzes and Posner's (1995) five leadership
practices, positively influence the job satisfaction, productivity and organizational
commitment of employees.