At the initiation of numbers until 10,even if they count,it is important to relearn the number as one set(cardinal number) the end position as an order ordinal number) and integrate both aspects.For developing the idea of a number as a set, Japanese textbooks introduce the activity to decomposite a number to the same amount of two numbers and to composite two numbers to a number before introducing addition and subtraction. The manipulative activity of composition and decomposition of numbers are a key activity to develop the children to operate numbers without counting each by each.