emissions and costs rise with increasing bridge span lengths. The average
difference between themean value of the results and the minimum
value found after nine runs is only 2.9% for emissions and 1.8% for costs.
These differences are sufficiently low for practical applications. A parabolic
relation may be used to describe the general cost trend for both
cost-optimized solutions (C = 48.088 s2 + 613.99 s + 31,139 with a