In making a theoretical analysis for precision lapping, it is necessary to consider the motion between the work and lap, the deviated distribution of abrasive size, and the surface toughness of the work caused by the destruction of abrasives. The level of complications in this area has prevented exploration of it.
When lapping flat surfaces and spherical surfaces of a long focal point, a conditioning ring-type lapping machine, shown in Figure 6.11, has been employed. The conditioning ring and conditioning plate are forced down against the rotating ring lap surface thus maintaining the lap surface in good condition.