The current study examines the use of naloxone in a larger cohort of patients, and the researchers focused on patient-centered outcomes of efficacy and preference. Patients included in the current study were adults age 18 or older who were receiving a stable dose of oxycodone prolonged-release (PR) at doses 40-80 mg/d for chronic pain along with regular laxatives. Patients with current drug or alcohol abuse were excluded from study participation, as were those with severe renal or liver disease.