An empirical study examining gender differences in self-rated job performance found that women significantly underrated their performance and recalled more task failure than had actually occurred when they had engaged in masculine tasks but not when they had engaged in gender neutral or feminine tasks (Beyer, 1990, 1992). Additionally, Correll (2001) examined men’s and women’s perceptions of their mathematics ability, an academic area that is generally considered to be male-typed. She found that, controlling for positive performance feedback about mathematical ability, men’s assessments of their own mathematical competence were higher than women’s assessments. When comparing selfassessments of verbal ability, an academic area that is generally considered to be female-typed, women rated themselves as more competent than men (Correll, 2001). We propose, based on these arguments and findings, that the contextual moderators described above may moderate the extent to which self-ratings as well as other-ratings of leadership effectiveness favor males versus females.