Over the years, various solutions for mitigating edge-bias effects
have been proposed in the literature and Table 1 provides a
systematic overview of the main methods (Pommerening, 2008).
Translation and reflection are traditional methods used in many
spatial analyses. Both methods extrapolate the spatial structure
from within the monitoring plot to an infinite plane and join parts
of the spatial pattern that do not occur so close together in nature.
This can lead to unrealistic spatial patterns near the plot boundaries.
Particularly the reflection method has the reputation of often
performing badly and therefore cannot be recommended (see
Pommerening and Stoyan, 2006). Translation, periodic boundary