Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature
gradient gel electrophoresis
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) involves
electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S/18S rDNA fragments
(Muyzer et al. 1993), which get separated based on the
decreased electrophoretic mobility of a partially melted
double-stranded (ds) DNA molecule in gel containing a
linear gradient of urea and formamide (Muyzer et al. 1993;
Muyzer and Smalla 1998). A modification of this method is
temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), which
utilizes linear temperature as gradient. The V3 region of
small subunit rRNA gene has been preferentially employed
due to enough length and species-specific heterogeneity.
DGGE/TGGE can theoretically distinguish between the
fragments differs by just single or few base pairs.
Sequencing of individual bands provides information about
the presence and relative abundance of microbial genera/
species in both qualitative and semiquantitative ways.
Muyzer et al. (1993) were the first to report the application
of DGGE on soil microbial ecosystems. Since then, a number
of investigators have applied this method for microbial
community profiling of different ecosystems including rumen
(Kocherginskaya et al. 2001; Mackie et al. 2003; Mao
et al. 2007). Its other applications in rumen diversity studies
are described in Tables 2, 3, and 4. However, sometimes,
these techniques lack reproducibility due to mishandling of
outsized gels, primer dimers formation, and/or variable gel
staining.
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature
gradient gel electrophoresis
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) involves
electrophoresis of PCR-amplified 16S/18S rDNA fragments
(Muyzer et al. 1993), which get separated based on the
decreased electrophoretic mobility of a partially melted
double-stranded (ds) DNA molecule in gel containing a
linear gradient of urea and formamide (Muyzer et al. 1993;
Muyzer and Smalla 1998). A modification of this method is
temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), which
utilizes linear temperature as gradient. The V3 region of
small subunit rRNA gene has been preferentially employed
due to enough length and species-specific heterogeneity.
DGGE/TGGE can theoretically distinguish between the
fragments differs by just single or few base pairs.
Sequencing of individual bands provides information about
the presence and relative abundance of microbial genera/
species in both qualitative and semiquantitative ways.
Muyzer et al. (1993) were the first to report the application
of DGGE on soil microbial ecosystems. Since then, a number
of investigators have applied this method for microbial
community profiling of different ecosystems including rumen
(Kocherginskaya et al. 2001; Mackie et al. 2003; Mao
et al. 2007). Its other applications in rumen diversity studies
are described in Tables 2, 3, and 4. However, sometimes,
these techniques lack reproducibility due to mishandling of
outsized gels, primer dimers formation, and/or variable gel
staining.
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