Abstract: This review article reports new procedures
and practical application of the nitro to carbonyl
conversion that appeared in the literature after our
comprehensive report published in 2004. Beside traditional
and well explored reactant systems, new procedures
including the utilization of molecular oxygen
and photoredox catalysis have been introduced for
the Nef reaction. Of notable interest is the utilization
of the nitro to carbonyl conversion in tandem and
cascade processes aimed at the preparation of hetero
and carbocyclic derivatives.