Buddhism is well known for its belief in karma and rebirth and its teachings on nonviolence (ahiṃsā) (see Nonviolence in Religions) and compassion (karuṇā). However, there has been little critical or systematic study of its ethics, and scholarship in this field is still at an early stage. A few scholars have proposed tentative theoretical models adapted from Western typologies in an attempt to classify Buddhist ethics but so far none commands universal assent. Other scholars doubt whether Western classifications are appropriate for an Asian tradition and fear that imposing them too rigidly may produce a distorted picture of Buddhist teachings. This essay has three main objectives. The first is to inform the reader about the major Buddhist moral teachings; the second is to offer some preliminary reflections in terms of ethical theory; and the third is to give a brief introduction to contemporary Buddhist activism. The first section, therefore, is mainly descriptive and summarizes the teachings found in Buddhist scriptures. It makes reference to foundational concepts such as dharma and karma, the most important precepts, and the key virtues Buddhists seek to cultivate. The second section is more analytical, and examines Buddhist moral teachings from a Western perspective drawing on the concepts, categories, and terminology familiar to students of Western ethics. The third describes the contemporary phenomenon of “engaged Buddhism” as a force for social change. It should be borne in mind that Buddhism is a diverse tradition encompassing many schools and geographical regions, and that while this essay endeavors to focus on common elements, students will almost certainly encounter variations in interpretation, belief, and practice at a local level