Despite the careful attention paid to inventory planning in a
supply chain,supply disruptions are inevitable. Disruptions may
come from a variety of sources, including labor actions, machine
breakdowns,and natural or man-made disasters. Recenthigh-
profile events—including hurricanesKatrinaandRitain2005
For years, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the various processes within manufacturing supply chains individually. Recently, however, there has been increasing attention placed on the performance, design, and analysis of the supply chain as a whole. This attention is largely a result of the rising costs of manufacturing, the shrinking resources of manufacturing bases, shortened product life cycles, the leveling of the playing field within manufacturing, and the globalization of market economies. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) provide a focused review of literature in multi-stage supply chain modeling and (2) define a research agenda for future research in this area. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.v. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Supply chain; Production; Distribution; Logistics
ELSEVIER
1. Introduction
A supply chain may be defined as an integrated process wherein a number of various business enti¬ties (i.e., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers) work together in an effort to: (1) acquire raw materials, (2) convert these raw materials into specified final products, and (3) deliver these final products to retailers. This chain is traditionally characterized by a forward flow of materials and a backward flow of information. For years, re¬searchers and practitioners have primarily investi¬gated the various processes of the supply chain
individually. Recently, however, there has been an increasing attention placed on the performance, design, and analysis of the supply chain as a whole. From a practical standpoint, the supply chain con¬cept arose from a number of changes in the manu¬facturing environment, including the rising costs of manufacturing, the shrinking resources of manufac¬turing bases, shortened product life cycles, the level¬ing of the playing field within manufacturing, and the globalization of market economies. The current interest has sought to extend the traditional supply chain to include “reverse logistics”, to include product recovery for the purposes of recycling, re¬manufacturing, and re-use. Within manufacturing research, the supply chain concept grew largely out of two-stage multi-echelon inventory models, and it is important to note that considerable progress has
0925-5273/98/$ 19.00 Copyright © 1998 Elsevier Science B.v. All rights reserved PII S0925-5273(98)00079-6
Tel.: + 1 513 556 5461; fax: + 1 513 556 4999; e-mail: benita.beamon@uc.edu.
Despite the careful attention paid to inventory planning in a
supply chain,supply disruptions are inevitable. Disruptions may
come from a variety of sources, including labor actions, machine
breakdowns,and natural or man-made disasters. Recenthigh-
profile events—including hurricanesKatrinaandRitain2005
For years, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the various processes within manufacturing supply chains individually. Recently, however, there has been increasing attention placed on the performance, design, and analysis of the supply chain as a whole. This attention is largely a result of the rising costs of manufacturing, the shrinking resources of manufacturing bases, shortened product life cycles, the leveling of the playing field within manufacturing, and the globalization of market economies. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) provide a focused review of literature in multi-stage supply chain modeling and (2) define a research agenda for future research in this area. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.v. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Supply chain; Production; Distribution; Logistics
ELSEVIER
1. Introduction
A supply chain may be defined as an integrated process wherein a number of various business enti¬ties (i.e., suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers) work together in an effort to: (1) acquire raw materials, (2) convert these raw materials into specified final products, and (3) deliver these final products to retailers. This chain is traditionally characterized by a forward flow of materials and a backward flow of information. For years, re¬searchers and practitioners have primarily investi¬gated the various processes of the supply chain
individually. Recently, however, there has been an increasing attention placed on the performance, design, and analysis of the supply chain as a whole. From a practical standpoint, the supply chain con¬cept arose from a number of changes in the manu¬facturing environment, including the rising costs of manufacturing, the shrinking resources of manufac¬turing bases, shortened product life cycles, the level¬ing of the playing field within manufacturing, and the globalization of market economies. The current interest has sought to extend the traditional supply chain to include “reverse logistics”, to include product recovery for the purposes of recycling, re¬manufacturing, and re-use. Within manufacturing research, the supply chain concept grew largely out of two-stage multi-echelon inventory models, and it is important to note that considerable progress has
0925-5273/98/$ 19.00 Copyright © 1998 Elsevier Science B.v. All rights reserved PII S0925-5273(98)00079-6
Tel.: + 1 513 556 5461; fax: + 1 513 556 4999; e-mail: benita.beamon@uc.edu.
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