2.2.2. Reactive and proactive aggression To measure reactive and proactive aggression the Reactive–Proactive Aggres-
sion Questionnaire was used
(RPQ; Raine et al., 2006).
Twenty-three statements had to be rated for overall frequency on a 3-point Likert-type scale where 0¼never, 1¼sometimes and 2¼often. Eleven of these items assess reactive aggression (e.g. ‘Reacted angrily when provoked by others’), and 12 items assess proactive aggression (e.g. ‘Used physical force to get others to do what you want’). Prior studies reported good test–retest reliability, construct and criterion validity.