Mathematics and Astronomy.
A controversy about priority between Newton and Leibniz caused an unfortunate separation between English and Continental mathematicians.The Englishmen,using other geometry or Newton's method of fluxions,did comparatively little toward develoding the differential calculus and its consequences
which were carried forward aboad by James Bernouilli,Euler and others.But useful results were obtained in England by Jaylor and Maclaurin in the expansion of certain mathematical series.
Newton's work was made in France especially by Mauper – tuis whity Voltaire wrote a popular account. For a time france was the chief centre of scientific activity. Lagrange 1736-1813 created the calculus of variations and systematized the subject of use in physical and astronomical problems. In his treatise Mechanique Analytique he treated the whole of mechanics on the principles of conservation of energy and virtual velocity-what is gained in power is lost in speed. Maupertuis gave the name of action to the sum of the products of space (or length)