This study data also demonstrated potential TDI skin exposure of the workers (based on limited SWYPE™ qualitative testing and questionnaire data), which may represent another exposure route (besides respiratory) capable of inducing systemic immune sensitization. Notably, TDI was detected on surfaces that workers touch when not wearing gloves (such as handrails, table) and 28.2% of all workers reported potential TDI skin contact by questionnaire. Site visits during the study documented extensive use of respiratory and skin PPE (masks, gloves, goggles, and coveralls) in the foaming room during production, but more limited use of PPE in the cutting room (coveralls and occasional gloves), consistent with the questionnaire data. Also noted was unprotected hand contact with uncured or just cured polyurethane (within minutes of production) during cleaning of the “foaming head”, where the positive skin and surface SWYPE™ samples were detected, and contact with just- cured foam,within minutes of emerging from the production oven. We are not aware of other studies that have evaluated skin exposure in polyurethane production facilities