Several studies on the effect of freezing rate on syneresis of
freeze–thaw starch gels have been reported. Fast freezing was
shown to result in lower syneresis (Muadklay and Charoenrein,
2008) or lower retrogradation (Jacobson and BeMiller, 1998; Ferrero
et al., 1994) than slow freezing. The beneficial effects of fast
freezing can be attributed to the prevention of starch retrogradation
nuclei formation due to the rapid transition through the rubbery
state during which both nucleation and propagation occur
(Ferrero et al., 1994). In this study, we also found the same trend,
that is, the fast frozen rice starch gel had a significantly lower %
syneresis (18.02%) than the slow frozen starch gel (38.14%) as
shown in Table 1. It was expected that the starch gel frozen at a
slow freezing rate with undercooling freeze–thaw starch gel would