Murray & Church 1995; Bettinger et al. 1997; Öhman &
Eriksson 1999; Gadow & Puumalainen 2000). The results
show that better use could be made of the unique
interdisciplinary character of forest science to quantify
the complex relationships between silvicultural activity
and natural processes. An advantage of the Forest Options
Model is the fact that it is highly suitable for integrating
science into the planning process, that it can be
applied in any forest type and management strategy, that
it combines stand level objectives and forest level constraints
and that it facilitates participatory planning. Applications
in urban environments are lacking, however.