a-d same column bearing different superscripts differ significantly, the level of significance was preset at α = 0.05 and significant ***P < 0.001, ± standard error of three replicates 1Trolox Equivalent Antioxidative Capacity, studied at 750 nm, 2Free radical-scavenging activity (FRSA) studied at 517 nm, 3Ferric-reducing anti-oxidative power (FRAP) studied at 593 nm