The more strategically oriented work on air quality that was initiated in the nineties was followed up by the Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) Programme and the 2005 Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution.
The Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme was launched by the European Commission in 2001, with the aim of reviewing the EU’s air quality policies and assessing progress towards attainment of the EU's long-term air quality objectives, as laid down in the Sixth Environment Action Programme.