Addition of 10% FBS before incubation overnight at RT resulted in a sevenfold increase in FFAs compared with the incubated milk and the pasteurised milk (Fig.1A, treatment 3), and a tenfold increase in FFAs was achieved by homogenisation before pasteurisation, incubation or FBS addition (Fig. 1A, treatment 4). Homogenisation prior to either incubation (Fig. 1A, treatment 5) or FBS addition followed by incubation (Fig.1A, treatment 6) resulted in similar FFA levels and increased FFAs by sevenfold and fourfold, respectively, compared with samples without homogenisation (Fig. 1A, treatment 2 and 3, respectively). The concentration of each FA in the treatment samples are shown in Fig. 3.