been feeling in the past 2 weeks. For example, to assess sadness, patients can choose either: “I do not feel sad,”“I feel sad much of the time,”“I am sad all the time,” or “I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it.” Higher scores indicate higher levels of depressive symptoms. 32 The BDI-II had shown good internal consistency (alpha coefficient 0.90) and adequate convergent and divergent validity. 33