a Values are the mean ( SD, n = 3. b Concentrations of unknown
compounds are expressed as milligrams of caffeic acid equivalent/100 g
dry weight. c Concentrations of petunidin-based anthocyanins are
expressed as milligrams of petunidin equivalent/100 g dry weight.
d Concentrations of the malvidin-based anthocyanin is expressed as
milligrams of malvidin equivalent/100 g dry weight. e TPI: total phenolic
index (sum of individual phenolic concentrations). f TPC: total phenolic
content (mg GAE/100 g dry weight).