Enhanced in situ bioremediation (EISB) of CVOC NAPL source
zones has significant potential but it is slow, requiring on the order
of years to decades [42]. More rapid treatment can be achieved with
standard thermal remediation techniques, such as, in situ thermal
desorption and electrical resistance heating. However, these
require continual energy input since they heat the entire site to
above 100 ◦C, a process which requires several months of electricity
injection [43] leading to substantial expense and carbon footprint.
This work reveals that STAR has the potential to be an alternative
in situ technology for remediating volatile NAPLs such as CVOCs.
Like other thermal technologies, the primary means of remediation
would be vapor stripping. The equipment for vapor capture
and treatment would be identical to that used for existing thermal
remediation techniques. However, the self-sustaining nature
of the reaction, and the dependence on a short, one time energy
input for each ignition location, means that it may provide signifi-
cant savings with respect to electricity, with consequent reductions
in costs and carbon footprint. It is also expected to be much faster,
with a STAR reaction propagating below the water table through
NAPL-occupied soil at a rate of approximately 0.5–1.0 m/d [31],
which substantially exceeds the rate at which a boiling front will
propagate due to conductive of resistive heating.
Enhanced in situ bioremediation (EISB) of CVOC NAPL sourcezones has significant potential but it is slow, requiring on the orderof years to decades [42]. More rapid treatment can be achieved withstandard thermal remediation techniques, such as, in situ thermaldesorption and electrical resistance heating. However, theserequire continual energy input since they heat the entire site toabove 100 ◦C, a process which requires several months of electricityinjection [43] leading to substantial expense and carbon footprint.This work reveals that STAR has the potential to be an alternativein situ technology for remediating volatile NAPLs such as CVOCs.Like other thermal technologies, the primary means of remediationwould be vapor stripping. The equipment for vapor captureand treatment would be identical to that used for existing thermalremediation techniques. However, the self-sustaining natureof the reaction, and the dependence on a short, one time energyinput for each ignition location, means that it may provide signifi-cant savings with respect to electricity, with consequent reductionsin costs and carbon footprint. It is also expected to be much faster,with a STAR reaction propagating below the water table throughNAPL-occupied soil at a rate of approximately 0.5–1.0 m/d [31],which substantially exceeds the rate at which a boiling front willpropagate due to conductive of resistive heating.
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