Detailed information on the technologies and methodologies used for hand analysis is required for nonexperts in the field of biomechanics such as hand-tool designers and safety supervisors to understand and choose easy and suitable methods. Hand anthropometry is simply the basis of biomechanical analysis. The range of motion (ROM) is the most commonly used functional measurement variable. Anatomical measurements and the ROM are usually used to design hand products and rehabilitation. The three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system is currently the most commonly used technique to measure kinematic variables such as the trajectory, angle, velocity, and acceleration. This system needs marker sets and kinematic models for analysis. Several kinds of marker sets and kinematic models have been developed based on the purposes of different studies, and the accuracy of the system has been improved. Thus, it can provide important information for researchers to choose a suitable method. Kinetic hand models have been developed for analyzing the internal load (force and moment) of tendons and muscles during static and dynamic motions. These kinetic hand models have advantages and disadvantages with regard to the measurement method and complexity. Information from kinetic hand models can help a researcher design an experiment design. EMG is most commonly used in various research fields to evaluate the muscle activity, fatigue, and conduction velocity. For accurate analysis, understanding the use of the EMG equipment, electrode placement, muscle position, and signal-processing methods is important.
This paper presents a literature review of some technologies and methodologies used for hand-function analysis based on a biomechanical approach and the results of previous studies related to hand functions. The following four categories of hand-function analysis are covered: (1) anthropometry, (2) kinematics, (3) kinetics, and (4) EMG.