The image segmentation aims to divide an image into several
disjoint regions with uniform and homogeneous attributes. Many
different segmentation methods have been explored and proposed
[1–3]. Clustering based method for image segmentation is an
important method. There are many clustering strategies, such as
the hard clustering method and the fuzzy clustering method. Each
clustering method has its own special characteristics. Among the
fuzzy clustering methods, fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering [4]
method has been widely studied and successfully applied in image
segmentation [5–13]. FCM has robust characteristics for ambiguity
and can preserve much more structural information [14].
The conventional FCM method is able to effectively segment
noise-free images. However, this method does not incorporate
any spatial information, so that the segmentation result is sensitive
to noise [15–20]. Therefore, spatial constraint is imposed in fuzzy
clustering [8,10,16]. For instance, a spatially weighted FCM based
on image histogram and spatial information is proposed, and the
The image segmentation aims to divide an image into severaldisjoint regions with uniform and homogeneous attributes. Manydifferent segmentation methods have been explored and proposed[1–3]. Clustering based method for image segmentation is animportant method. There are many clustering strategies, such asthe hard clustering method and the fuzzy clustering method. Eachclustering method has its own special characteristics. Among thefuzzy clustering methods, fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering [4]method has been widely studied and successfully applied in imagesegmentation [5–13]. FCM has robust characteristics for ambiguityand can preserve much more structural information [14].The conventional FCM method is able to effectively segmentnoise-free images. However, this method does not incorporateany spatial information, so that the segmentation result is sensitiveto noise [15–20]. Therefore, spatial constraint is imposed in fuzzyclustering [8,10,16]. For instance, a spatially weighted FCM basedon image histogram and spatial information is proposed, and the
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