Content analysis was conducted on the text of the interviews and documents to identify common themes and patterns. The first step in content analysis is to code the text, using preassigned labels but allowing for new labels to emerge from the data. One purpose of coding is to perceive a theme in seemingly random information. A theme describes and organizes observations and is used to interpret aspects of the phenomenon under study (Boyatzis 1998). Coding allows the researcher to sort and compare cases objectively-the second step in content analysis. This cross-case analysis extends both internal and external validity and is an important component of a qualitative approach (Huberman and Miles 1994).