content of the goal affects the group
Let us assume that the goal of a correctional institution is the rehabilitation of prisoners (Zald, 1962). Staff members might be given a great deal of autonomy and might be encouraged to be creative. There would be a large emphasis on programs. There might be a reading program or even a college program on the premises. There might be lectures, plays, and special speakers brought in to keep members informed. There might even be group activities such as an orchestra, chorus, or dramatic group that performs for community groups outside the prison. The goals would be to encourage prisoners to develop their vocational and artistic skills and to become more competent in the outside world while serving time. Contrast these activities with another correctional institution where the goal is custody of prisoners—holding them so they cannot inflict damage on citizens of the community. In this situation, there would be fewer professional staff and more custodial staff (guards). Authority would be centralized, and rules and penalties would be the basis for relationships.
The difference in content of goals will result in a difference in relationships among staff and prisoners, as well as in a difference in activities.