A second goal of this study was to investigate developments in children’s teaching. Specifically, we explored developments in the strategies children used when teaching as well as developments in chil-dren’s ability to tailor their instruction to a pupil’s specific mistake. Children’s ability to adjust their instruction based on a pupil’s understanding (i.e., of game rules) develops in parallel to their ability to attribute mental states and to track their teachers’ inaccuracies. When presented with a naive lear-ner, older preschoolers, but not younger preschoolers, use more explicit and verbal teaching strategies such as directing the learner’s attention and referencing the learner’s prior behavior (Davis-Unger & Carlson, 2008; Recchia, Howe, & Alexander, 2008; Strauss & Ziv, 2012; Strauss et al., 2002; Wood et al., 1995). These more explicit teaching strategies suggest that older children are better able to