2.1. Bacterial strain and stock preparation
Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was obtained from Center for Biotechnology Studies, University of
Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. The stock was prepared by growing the freeze-dried bacteria in the Reinforced
Clostridial Medium (RCM) (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) inside a 2.5 liter anaerobic jar (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK). The
stock is maintained in the medium and stored at 4