The other big disappointment for democracy advocates has been Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, the authoritarian and bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes of he 1960s and 1970s were generally followed, not by democracy, but by renewed authoritarianism. Often there would be a brief, post-authoritarian opening that gave renewed hope for democracy, only to see that window of opportunity slammed shut again by a new military regime. Or else, authoritari-anism would give way to ethnic conflict, civil war bloody violence, looting, and lawlessness-which would pave the way for another round of authoritarianism. Not only did most of Sub-Saharan Africa not experience a sustained or consolidated transition to democracy, but it is hard in most countries to discern