During these travels, young Vietnamese intellectuals were first introduced to the doctrine of Marxism-Leninism. This doctrine was attractive to colonized people all over the world because of the Russian communist leade,r Lenin's, call for the end to colonization. Communism also seemed like a good alternative to the absolute monarchy and unfair landowning practices which had caused Vietnam so many problems throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. The most famous of the Vietnamese student-intellectuals was Ho Chi Minh, who traveled not only to France, but to China, Russia, and throughout Europe, creating his own brand of communism in Hong Kong. Soon communists and nationalists joined together in the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP).