The amount of russeting is affected by various factors includingweather (e.g. rainfall, humidity, temperature, or light), chemicals(e.g. plant nutrition, hormones, or fungicides), mechanical injuryor pest damage (Creasy and Swartz, 1981; Noè and Eccher, 1996;Sánchez et al., 2001; Knoche and Khanal, 2011).