Institutional theory offers a useful research framework for the study of GSCM in respect to how external factors force firms to implement certain GSCM practices
(Sarkis et al., 2010)
Most developed and developing countries have by now created
regulations that require firms to make green policies for their SC. Thus, firms are
required to implement green strategies because of increased external pressure for
sustainability (Lewis and Gertsakis, 2001) in the form of compulsory environmental
regulations that are directly related to GSCM (Kilbourne, 2006).