Instrumentalism
The ethic of “instrumentalism” or the “use of the environment” (Simmons 1993) is based upon an anthropocentric view that the resources of the earth are solely of instrumental value for human use, their value limited to the pleasure and profit they bring to humans.
Conservation
Marshall's category of 'conservation ethics' is an extension of use-value into the non-human biological world. It focuses only on the worth of the environment in terms of its utility or usefulness to humans.