1. Payload- This void section holds a small dose of drug/medicine. The nanorobots could transverse in the blood and release the drug to the site of infection/injury.
2. Micro camera- The nanorobot may include a miniature camera. The operator can steer the nanorobot when navigating through the body manually [13, 15].
3. Electrodes- The electrode mounted on the nanorobot could form the battery using the electrolytes in the blood. These protruding electrodes could also kill the cancer cells by generating an electric current, and heating the cells up to death.
4. Lasers- These lasers could burn the harmful material like arterial plaque, blood clots or cancer cells [15].
5. Ultra sonic signal generators- These generators are used when the nanorobots are used to target and destroy kidney stones.
6. Swimming tail- The nanorobot will require a means of propulsion to get into the body as they travel against the flow of blood in the body.
The nanorobot will have motors for movement and manipulator arms or mechanical leg for mobility. The two main approaches followed in construction of nanorobots are Positional assembly and Self assembly. In self assembly, the arm of a miniature robot or a microscopic set is used to pick the molecules and assemble manually. In positional assembly, the investigators will put billions of molecules together and let them automatically assemble based on their natural affinities into the desired configuration [13, 16, 17]. Nanorobot Control Design is the software developed for simulating nanorobots in environment with fluids which is dominated by Brownian motion [18]. The nanorobots have chemical sensors which can detect the target molecules.
The nanorobots are provided with swarm intelligence for decentralization activity. Swarm intelligence techniques are the algorithms designed for artificial intelligence of the nanorobot. The swarm intelligence technique is been inspired by the behaviour of social animals such as ants, bees and termites which work collaboratively without a centralized control. The three main types of swarm intelligence techniques deigned are ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial bee colony (ABC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO)