MPCs are produced with a range of protein contents from 35 to 90%. Concomitant with the increased protein level of 35–90% is an increased Ca2+content such that the difference between MPC35 and MPC90 is equivalent to ~5mM calcium chloride (Huppertz et al. 2014). Largely as a consequence of the high Ca2+content, MPC with high protein content has very poor heat stability. At pH 6.7, 3.5% solutions of MPC80 and MPC90 had no stability (HCT = 0s)to heating at 140 °C; by contrast, MPC35 with much lower Ca2+showed similar stability to milk (Crowley et al. 2014).Reduction in the Ca2+level in MPC80 by dialysis against reconstituted skim milk powder greatly improved its heat stability at pH 6.3–6.7.