The genera Wattebledia and Bithynia formed monophyletic
clusters as well, but Gabbia did not. The selection of Neotricula
aperta gamma strain (in the same superfamily) from GenBank
as the outgroup appeared legitimate as it clustered separately
from other snails in family Bithyniidae. Increased taxon,
geographic, and gene sampling would be worthwhile to further
explore the two ‘barcode outliers’ and the ability of COI to infer
geographic provenance and phylogenetic affinities in this
group.