The transistors were found to damage the more sensitive parts of a computer since they generated a lot of heat. In 1958, the IC (Integrated Circuit) was invented by Jack Kilby. This revolutionized computing since all the electronic components were on a single semiconductor chip made of silicon, drastically reducing the size of the computer. Also, new operating systems were developed, which allowed the running of many applications simultaneously. These computers developed from 1964-1971 were the 'third generation' machines.